David Gilliland provides a comprehensive biblical exposition on the symbolism of water in the Gospel of John. David identifies water as one of three natural symbols (along with light and bread) that John uses to represent spiritual realities, dividing the eight water stories into two groups of four: the first four demonstrate the inadequacy of the old order (Judaism/Law), while the second four reveal the superabundance of the new order brought by Christ. David concludes by contrasting two sea stories that frame the water narratives: the stormy sea crossing (Chapter 6) representing Christ walking above life’s storms, and the final fishing scene (Chapter 21) showing Christ waiting on the shore at journey’s end.